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United States Department of the Navy
The United States Department of the Navy (DoN) was established by an Act of Congress on April 30, 1798 (initiated by the recommendation of James McHenry),〔Bernard C. Steiner and James McHenry, ''(The life and correspondence of James McHenry )'' (Cleveland: Burrows Brothers Co., 1907).〕 to provide a government organizational structure to the United States Navy, the United States Marine Corps (from 1834 onward) and, when directed by the President (or Congress during time of war), the United States Coast Guard, as a service within the Navy〔(Chap. XXXV. 1 Stat. 553 ) from ("A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U. S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774 - 1875" ). Library of Congress, Law Library of Congress. Retrieved March 24, 2012.〕 while remaining independent service branches. The Department of the Navy was an Executive Department and the Secretary of the Navy was a member of the President's cabinet until 1949, when amendments to the National Security Act of 1947 changed the name of the ''National Military Establishment'' to the ''Department of Defense'' and made it an Executive Department. The Department of the Navy then became, along with the Department of the Army and Department of the Air Force, a ''Military Department'' within the Department of Defense: subject to the authority, direction and control of the Secretary of Defense.
==Leadership==
The Department of the Navy is headed by the Secretary of the Navy, also known as the ''SECNAV'' in naval jargon, who has the authority to conduct all of the affairs of the Department: subject to lawful authority, the Secretary of Defense, and the President. The Secretary of the Navy is appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate.〔(10 USC §5013 ), Accessed on 2011-03-23.〕 The Secretary is assisted by an Under Secretary of the Navy, four Assistant Secretary of the Navy and a General Counsel of the Department of the Navy, who are also appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate.
The highest ranking military officers in the Department of the Navy are the Chief of Naval Operations and the Commandant of the Marine Corps, who are the principal military advisors to the Secretary of the Navy. They supervise their respective military services of the Department of the Navy, and in a separate capacity serves as members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. They are assisted by a Vice Chief of Naval Operations and an Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps.
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